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1 échelle
échelle [e∫εl]1. feminine nouna. ( = objet) ladderb. ( = dimension) scale• à l'échelle 1/100 000 on a scale of 1 to 100,000c. ( = gradation, hiérarchie) scale2. compounds* * *eʃɛl1) ( pour grimper) ladder2) (de plan, maquette) scalecarte à l'échelle de 1/10000e — map on a scale of 1:10,000
3) ( système de gradation) scale5) Musique scale6) (colloq) ( accroc à un collant) ladder* * *eʃɛl nf1) (pour monter) ladder2) [carte] scale3) fig (= envergure) scale4) fig (= hiérarchie) scale* * *échelle nf1 (pour monter, descendre) ladder; monter à une échelle to climb a ladder; échelle de corde rope ladder; échelle coulissante extending ladder GB, extension ladder US; échelle double double sided ladder; échelle de pompier firemen's ladder; faire la courte échelle à qn to give sb a leg up;2 (de plan, maquette) scale; plan à l'échelle scale plan; carte à l'échelle de 1/10 000e map on a 1:10,000 scale; la carte est à l'échelle de 1/10 000e the map has a scale of 1:10,000; carte à grande échelle large-scale map; carte à échelle réduite small-scale map;3 ( système de gradation) scale; échelle de dureté hardness scale; échelle de Beaufort/Richter Beaufort/Richter scale; tremblement de terre de force 5 sur l 'échelle de Richter earthquake measuring 5 on the Richter scale; à l'échelle humaine/nationale/mondiale on a human/national/worldwide scale; sur une large échelle on a large scale;4 fig ( dans un milieu social) scale, ladder; ( dans une entreprise) hierarchy, ladder; s'élever dans l'échelle sociale to rise up the social scale; échelle des valeurs/de difficulté scale of values/difficulty; échelle des prix scale of prices; échelle des salaires pay scale; échelle mobile des salaires sliding pay-scale;5 Mus scale;6 ○( accroc à un collant) ladder.échelle de bibliothèque library step; échelle de coupée accommodation ladder; échelle de meunier open staircase; échelle de passerelle companion ladder; échelle de pilote jacob's ladder; échelle de poissons fish ladder.[eʃɛl] nom féminin1. [outil] ladder2. [mesure] scaleune carte à l'échelle 1/10 000 a map on a scale of 1/10,0004. [dimension] scaleéchelle (mobile) des salaires ou traitements (sliding) salary scaleéchelle diatonique/chromatique diatonic/chromatic scaleà grande échelle locution adjectivale1. [dessin] large-scale2. [projet] ambitiousà grande échelle locution adverbiale————————à l'échelle locution adverbiale————————à l'échelle de locution prépositionnelleat the level ou on a scale ofà l'échelle de la région/planète on a regional/world(-wide) scale -
2 mondial
1. adjective[guerre, population, production] world ; [épidémie, tendance, réseau, crise] worldwide2. masculine noun* * *mondiale, mpl - iaux mɔ̃djal, o adjectif [record, congrès, économie] world (épith); [problème, succès] worldwide* * *mɔ̃djal, jo mondial, -emondiaux mpl adj1) (population, guerre, économie, production) world modif2) (influence, échelle, crise) worldwide* * *mondial, mondiale, mpl - iaux adj [tournoi, record, congrès, littérature, économie] world ( épith); [problème, succès] worldwide; à l'échelle mondiale on a worldwide scale; la capitale mondiale du cinéma the cinema capital of the world; le numéro un mondial de l'édition the world's top publishing house; première/seconde guerre mondiale First/Second World War.crise à l'échelle mondiale worldwide crisis, crisis on a world scale -
3 obligatoirement
obligatoirement [ɔbligatwaʀmɑ̃]adverba. ( = nécessairement) necessarilyb. ( = forcément) (inf) inevitably* * *ɔbligatwaʀmɑ̃1) ( par règlement)une lettre doit obligatoirement accompagner la demande — the application must be accompanied by a letter
2) ( inévitablement) inevitably, necessarily* * *ɔbliɡatwaʀmɑ̃ adv1) (par obligation) compulsorily2) (= fatalement) necessarily* * *obligatoirement adv1 ( par règlement) une lettre doit obligatoirement accompagner la demande the application must be accompanied by a letter; vous indiquerez obligatoirement sur votre copie le nombre de mots de votre résumé you must indicate the number of words in your summary on your paper; sans des mesures obligatoirement prises à l'échelle mondiale, l'humanité court à la catastrophe it is imperative that measures be taken on a worldwide scale, otherwise humanity is heading for disaster;2 ( inévitablement) inevitably, necessarily; cette route conduit obligatoirement à la gare this road leads you to the station; il y a obligatoirement une erreur there must be a mistake.[ɔbligatwarmɑ̃] adverbe1. [par nécessité]nous devons obligatoirement fermer les portes à 20 h we're obliged ou required to close the doors at 8 p.m2. (familier) [immanquablement] inevitably -
4 planétaire
planétaire [planetεʀ]adjective( = mondial) global* * *planetɛʀadjectif Physique, Technologie planetary; fig global* * *planetɛʀ adj* * *[planetɛr] adjectif————————[planetɛr] nom masculin1. ASTRONOMIE orrery
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